Publication List

First-Author Papers

  1. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Qiu, D., Cao, W., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Li, R., Chan, J., Yan, J., Ling, Z., 2026. Large (~80 km) shield volcanoes on the Moon possibly fed by shallow magma reservoirs. Geophysical Research Letters, 53, e2026GL121908. [link].

  2. Qiao, L., Xu, L., Head, J. W., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Li, B., Ling, Z., 2024. Geological evidence for extensive basin ejecta as plains terrains in the Moon’s south polar region. Nature Communications, 15, 5783. [link].

  3. Qiao, L., Hess, M., Xu, L., Wöhler, C., Head, J. W., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Bugiolacchi, R., Xiao, A., Zhang, F., Ling, Z., 2023. Extensive lunar surface disturbance at the Chang’e-5 mission landing site: Implications for future lunar base design and construction. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 128, e2022JE007730. [link].

  4. Qiao, L., Xu, L., Yang, Y., Xie, M., Chen, J., Fang, K., Ling, Z., 2021. Cratering records in the Chang'e-5 mare unit: Filling the "age gap" of the lunar crater chronology and preparation for its re-calibration. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL095132. [link].

  5. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Wilson, L., Chen, J., Ling, Z., 2021. Mare domes in Mare Tranquillitatis: Identification, characterization, and implications for their origin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126, e2021JE006888. [link].

  6. 乔乐, 陈剑, 凌宗成, 2021. 月球火山作用的地貌学特征. 地质学报, 95(9): 2678-2691. [link].

  7. Qiao, L., Chen, J., Xu, L., Wan, S., Cao, H., Li, B., and Ling, Z., 2021. Geology of the Chang'e-5 landing site: Constraints on the sources of samples returned from a young nearside mare. Icarus. 364, 114480. [link].

  8. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Wilson, L., Ling, Z., 2021. Ina lunar irregular mare patch mission concepts: Distinguishing between ancient and modern volcanism models. The Planetary Science Journal. 2, 66. [link].

  9. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Wilson, L., Ling, Z., 2020. Lunar irregular mare patches: Classification, characteristics, geologic settings, updated catalog, origin, and outstanding questions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 125, e2019JE006362. [link].

  10. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Wilson, L., Ling, Z., 2020. The Cauchy 5 small, low-volume lunar shield volcano: Evidence for volatile exsolution-eruption patterns and type 1/type 2 hybrid irregular mare patch (IMP) formation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 125, e2019JE006171. [link].

  11. Qiao, L., Ling, Z., Fu, X., Li, B., 2019. Geological characterization of the Chang’e-4 landing area on the lunar farside. Icarus, 333, 37-51. [link].

  12. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Ling, Z., Wilson, L., Xiao, L., Dufek, J., Yan, J., 2019. Geological characterization of the Ina shield volcano summit pit crater on the Moon: Evidence for extrusion of waning-stage lava lake magmatic foams and anomalously young crater retention ages. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 124(4), 1100-1140. [link].

  13. Qiao, L., Ling, Z., Head, J. W., Ivanov, M., Liu, B., 2019. Analyses of Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter 1,064-nm albedo in permanently shadowed regions of polar crater flat floors: Implications for surface water ice occurrence and future in situ exploration. Earth and Space Science, 6(3), 467-488. [link].

  14. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Xiao, L., Wilson, L., Dufek, J., 2018. The role of substrate characteristics in producing anomalously young crater retention ages in volcanic deposits on the Moon: Morphology, topography, sub-resolution roughness and mode of emplacement of the Sosigenes lunar Irregular Mare Patch (IMP). Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 53(4): 778-812. [link].

  15. Qiao, L., Head, J. W., Wilson, L., Xiao, L., Kreslavsky, M., Dufek, J., 2017. Ina pit crater on the Moon: Extrusion of waning-stage lava lake magmatic foam results in extremely young crater retention ages. Geology, 45(5): 455-458. [link].

  16. Qiao, L., Xiao, Z., Zhao, J., Xiao, L., 2016. Subsurface structures at the Chang’e-3 landing site: Interpretations from orbital and in-situ imagery data. Journal of Earth Science, 27(4): 707-715. [link].

  17. 乔乐, 刘小倩, 赵健楠, 魏榆, 肖龙, 2016. 月球雨海地区三个着陆点的地质特征对比研究. 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学, 46(2): 029603 [link].

  18. Qiao, L., Xiao, L., Zhao, J., Huang, Q., Haruyama, J., 2014. Geological features and evolution history of Sinus Iridum, the Moon. Planetary and Space Science, 101: 37–52. [link].

  19. 乔乐, 肖龙, 赵健楠, 黄倩, 2013. 月球虹湾地区地质特征解译及岩浆活动历史研究. 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学, 43(11): 1370-1386 [link].

Corresponding-Author (*) Papers

  1. Yu, L., Cao, H.*, Qiao, L.*,, Ling, Z., 2026. Geology and chronology of the lunar Taruntius crater: Implications for the retention age of lunar ray patterns and lifetime of lunar explosive volcanism. Earth and Space Science, 13, e2026EA005069. [link].

  2. 张玉征, 乔乐*, 陈剑, 张江, 李勃, 凌宗成, 2025. 月球南极阿蒙森(Amundsen)地区地质特征及演化历史研究. 遥感学报, 20(2): 506-523. [link].

  3. Xu, L.*, Qiao, L.*, Xie, M., Wang, Y., Zhu, M.-H., Yan, J., 2024. Chronology, local stratigraphy, and foreign ejecta materials at the Chang’e-6 landing site: Constraints on the provenance of samples returned from the Moon’s farside. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL111311. [link].

  4. Wan, S., Qiao, L.*, Ling, Z.*, 2022. Identification and geomorphometric characterization of volcanic cones in the Marius Hill, the Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 127, e2022JE007207. [link].

  5. Xu, L., Qiao, L.*, Xie, M., Wu, Y., 2022. Formation age of lunar Lalande crater and its implications for the source region of the KREEP-rich meteorite Sayh al Uhaymir 169. Icarus, 386, 115166. [link].

  6. Xu, L., Qiao, L.*, 2022. Formation age of the Rima Sharp sinuous rill on the Moon, source of the returned Chang'e-5 samples. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 657, A42. [link].

  7. 曹海军, 陈剑, 乔乐*, 付晓辉, 卢学金, 齐晓彬, 万晟, 凌宗成*, 刘建忠, 2022. 嫦娥五号着陆区的成分特征与遥感地质研究. 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学, 53(3):239605. [link].

  8. Xu, L., Zhang, X.*, Qiao, L.*, Lai, J., 2021. Evaluating the thickness and stratigraphy of ejecta materials at the Chang’e-4 landing site. The Astronomical Journal, 162, 29. [link].

  9. Ling, Z.*, Qiao, L.*, Liu, C., Cao, H., Bi, X., Lu, X., Zhang, J., Fu, X., Li, B., Liu, J., 2019. Composition, mineralogy and chronology of mare basalts and non-mare materials in Von Kármán crater: Landing site of the Chang’E-4 mission. Planetary and Space Science, 179, 104741. [link].

Co-Author Papers

  1. Lu, X., Jia, Z., Cao, H., Chen, J., Cao, C., Liu, Y., Yin, C., Su, B., Xin, Y., Qiao, L., Fu, X., Lu, Y.-B., and Ling, Z., 2026. Petrologic insights into the South Pole-Aitken Basin from raman spectroscopy of returned Chang'e-6 Coarse clasts. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 131, e2025JE009620.
  2. Shkuratov, Y., Kaydash, V., Head, J., Baek, K., Kim, S. S., Qiao, L., Velichko, S., Surkov, Y., Opanasenko, N., Jeong, M., Choi, Y.-J., Sim, C. K., Kreslavsky, M., Farrand, W., and Videen, G., 2026. The Maskelyne irregular mare patch as interpreted with lunar optical data, including Danuri polarimetric measurements. Icarus. 453, 117059.
  3. Liu, Y., Cao, H., Li, R., Chen, J., Yin, C., Jia, Z., Lu, X., Qiao, L., Fu, X., Liu, C., Li, C., Xin, Y., Lu, Y.-b., Zeng, X., Liu, J., Li, Y., and Ling, Z., 2025. Discovery of crystalline Fe2O3 in returned lunar soils. Science Advances. 11, eady5169.
  4. Jin, L., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Yu, L., Dong, H., Liu, J., Guo, D., Qiao, L., Xu, L., Yue, Z., 2025. Global picture of lunar basalt chronology based on the automatic classification of craters. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 130, e2025JE008965.
  5. Cao, H., Chen, J., Lu, X., Kong, J., Qiao, L., Yin, C., Liu, C., Qu, H., Fu, X., Xin, Y., and Ling, Z., 2025. Impact-induced mixing generated the stratified soils of the Lunar South Pole Aitken Basin. Communications Earth & Environment. 6, 522.
  6. Jia, Z., Cao, H., Lu, X., Qiao, L., Ling, Z., 2025. Mare basalt thickness in the Chang'E-6 landing region: Insights into late-stage volcanism in the lunar farside South Pole–Aitken basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 130, e2024JE008835.
  7. Wang, Y., Cao, H., Chen, J., Liu, C., Lu, X., Yin, C., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Zhang, G., Liu, C., Zhang, P., and Ling, Z., 2025. New maps of mafic mineral abundances in global mare units on the Moon. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 224, 348-360.
  8. Lu, X., Chen, J., Cao, H., Liu, C., Jia, Z., Yin, C., Wang, T., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Zeng, X., Zhang, J., Ling, Z., 2025. Space weathering properties of Chang'e-6 soils and implication for regolith evolution of young lunar maria. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 983, L1.
  9. Che, X., Long, T., Nemchin, A., Xie, S., Qiao, L., Li, Z., Ban, Y., Fan, R., Yang, C., Liu, D., 2025. Isotopic and compositional constraints on the source of basalt collected from the lunar farside. Science, 387, 1306-1310.
  10. 付晓辉, 陈剑, 张江, 凌宗成, 武中臣, 李勃, 乔乐, 2024. 行星科学课程体系中“地球科学概论”教学实践与思考. 中国地质教育. 33, 83-86
  11. Lu, X., Chen, J., Cao, H., Fu, X., Zeng, X., Qiao, L., Liu, C., Zhang, G., Zhang, P., Ling, Z., 2024. Microphase iron particle growth promoted by solar wind implantation in lunar soils. PNAS Nexus, 450.
  12. Zhang, F., Head, J. W., Wilson, L., Meng, Y., Wӧhler, C., Guo, D., Niu, S., Bugiolacchi, R., Qiao, L., Dang, Y., Liu, Y., Zou, Y., 2024. Insights into lunar basaltic volcanism from mare domes superposed by ring-moat dome structures (RMDSs) in Mare Tranquillitatis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 129, e2023JE007969.
  13. Jia, Z., Chen, J., Kong, J., Qiao, L., Fu, X., Ling, Z., 2024. Geologic context of Chang'e-6 candidate landing regions and potential non-mare materials in the returned samples. Icarus. 416, 116107.
  14. Head, J. W., Wilson, L., Hiesinger, H., van der Bogert, C., Chen, Y., Dickson, J. L., Gaddis, L. R., Haruyama, J., Jawin, E. R., Jozwiak, L. M., Li, C., Liu, J., Morota, T., Needham, D. H., Ostrach, L. R., Pieters, C. M., Prissel, T. C., Qian, Y., Qiao, L., Rutherford, M. R., Scott, D. R., Whitten, J. L., Xiao, L., Zhang, F., and Ziyuan, O., 2023. Lunar mare basaltic volcanism: Volcanic features and emplacement processes. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 89, 453-507.
  15. Zou, C., Lai, J., Liu, Y., Cui, F., Xu, Y., Qiao, L, 2024. Small lunar crater identification and age estimation in Chang'e-5 landing area based on improved faster R-CNN. Icarus. 410, 115361.
  16. Zhao, J., Qiao, L., Zhang, F., Yuan, Y., Huang, Q., Yan, J., Qian, Y., Zou, Y., Xiao, L., 2023. Volcanism and deep structures of the Moon. Space: Science & Technology. 3, 0076.
  17. Hess, M., Wöhler, C., Qiao, L., Bhatt, M., 2023. Comparative photometric analysis of the Reiner Gamma swirl and Chang’e 5 landing site. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 674, A226.
  18. 肖龙, 钱煜奇, 乔乐, 张锋, 杨蔚, 黄俊, 2022. 月球火山活动及热演化历史研究进展. 中国科学基金. 36, 841-850.
  19. Lu, X., Chen, J., Ling, Z., Liu, C., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Zhang, J., Cao, H., Liu, J., He, Z., Xu, R., 2022. Mature lunar soils from Fe-rich and young mare basalts in the Chang’e-5 regolith samples. Nature Astronomy. 7, 142-151.
  20. Bai, H., Liu, P., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Liu, C., Xin, Y., and Ling, Z., 2022. Application of elastic net in quantitative analysis of major elements using Martian laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy datasets. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy.199, 106587.
  21. Li, C., Li, B., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Ling, Z., Yan, J., Qu, S., and Chen, S., 2022. Analysis of lunar wrinkle ridges regarding the maximum displacement–length scaling relationship and relevant geological factors. Icarus. 391, 115361.
  22. Liu, C., Ling, Z., Wu, Z., Zhang, J., Chen, J., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Liu, P., Li, B., Zhang, L., Xin, Y., Shi, E., Cao, H., Tian, S., Wan, S., Bai, H., and Liu, J., 2022. Aqueous alteration of the Vastitas Borealis Formation at the Tianwen-1 landing site. Communications Earth & Environment. 3, 280.
  23. Du, J., Fa, W., Gong, S., Liu, Y., Qiao, L., Tai, Y., Zhang, F., Zou, Y., 2022. Thicknesses of mare basalts in the Chang’E-5 landing region: Implications for the late-stage volcanism on the Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 127, e2022JE007314.
  24. Cao, H., Wang, C., Chen, J., Che, X., Fu, X., Shi, Y., Liu, D., Ling, Z., Qiao, L., Lu, X., Qi, X., Yin, C., Liu, P., Liu, C., Xin, Y., and Liu, J., 2022. A Raman spectroscopic and microimage analysis perspective of the Chang'E-5 lunar samples. Geophysical Research Letters. 49, e2022GL099282.
  25. Chen, J., Ling, Z., Jolliff, B. L., Sun, L., Qiao, L., Liu, J., Fu, X., Zhang, J., Li, B., Liu, C., Qi, X., Lu, X., He, Z., Xu, R., 2022. Radiative transfer modeling of Chang’e-4 spectroscopic observations and interpretation of the South Pole-Aitken compositional anomaly. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 931, L24.
  26. Lu, X., Cao, H., Ling, Z., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Chen, J., 2021. Geomorphology, mineralogy, and geochronology of mare basalts and non-mare materials around the lunar Crisium Basin. Remote Sensing. 13, 4828.
  27. Liu, C., Liu, L., Chen, J., Cao, H., Qu, H., Qiao, L., Zhang, J., Qi, X., Lu, X., Xu, R., Wang, Z., He, Z., Ling, Z., 2021. Mafic mineralogy assemblages at the Chang'e-4 landing site: a combined laboratory and lunar in situ spectroscopic study. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 658, A67.
  28. Ye, B., Qian, Y., Xiao, L., Michalski, J. R., Li, Y., Wu, B., and Qiao, L., 2021. Geomorphologic exploration targets at the Zhurong landing site in the southern Utopia Planitia of Mars. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 576, 117199.
  29. Hou, X., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Li, B., Yin, C., Zhang, J., and Ling, Z., 2022. Absolute model ages of three craters in the vicinity of the Chang'E-5 landing site and their geologic implications. Icarus. 372, 114730.
  30. Bai, H., Bi, X., Liu, C., Shi, E., Cao, H., Xin, Y., Fu, X., Qiao, L., Zhang, J., Li, B., Wu, Z. & Ling, Z., 2021. Spatial distributions and origin of hydrated sulfate minerals at the mineral bowl in Ophir Chasma, Mars. Planetary and Space Science. 207, 105323.
  31. Wang, Y., Li, B., Zhang, J., Ling, Z., Qiao, L., Chen, S., Qu, S., 2021. The preliminary study of dust devil tracks in southern Utopia Planitia, landing area of Tianwen-1 mission. Remote Sensing, 13, 2601.
  32. Wu, Z., Ling, Z., Zhang, J., Fu, X., Liu, C., Xin, Y., Li, B., and Qiao, L., 2021. A mars environment chamber coupled with multiple in situ spectral sensors for Mars exploration. Sensors. 21, 2519
  33. Yang, Y., Ma, P., Qiao, L., Zhang, H., Jin, W., Jiang, T., Liu, Y., and Zou, Y., 2020, Phase-angle dependence of colour ratios and potential implications for lunar remote sensing. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 644, A30.
  34. Qi, X., Ling, Z., Zhang, J., Chen, J., Cao, H., Liu, C., Qiao, L., Fu, X., He, Z., and Xu, R., 2020. Photometric normalization of Chang’e-4 Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer datasets: A combined study of in-situ and laboratory spectral measurements. Remote Sensing. 12, 3211.
  35. Huang, Q., Zhao, J., Wang, X., Wang, T., Zhang, F., Qiao, L., Chen, Y., Qiu, D., Yang, Y., and Xiao, L., 2020. A large long-lived central-vent volcano in the Gardner region: Implications for the volcanic history of the nearside of the Moon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 542, 116301.
  36. Chen, J., Ling, Z., Qiao, L., He, Z., Xu, R., Sun, L., Zhang, J., Li, B., Fu, X., Liu, C., and Qi, X., 2020. Mineralogy of Chang'e-4 landing site: Preliminary results of Visible and Near-infrared Imaging spectrometer. SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences. 63, 140903.
  37. Li, B., Zhang, J., Yue, Z., Yao, P., Li, C., Chen, S., Qiao, L., Fu, X., Ling, Z., Chen, J., and Liu, S., 2020. Deriving terrain factors from high-resolution lunar images: A case study of the Mons Rümker Region. Geomorphology. 358, 107114.
  38. Lin, H., Xu, R., Yang, W., Lin, Y., Wei, Y., Hu, S., He, Z., Qiao, L., and Wan, W., 2020. In situ photometric experiment of lunar regolith with visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer onboard the Yutu-2 lunar rover. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 125, e2019JE006076.
  39. Fu, X., Qiao, L., Zhang, J., Ling, Z., Li, B., 2020. The subsurface structure and stratigraphy of the Chang’E-4 landing site: Orbital evidence from small craters on the Von Kármán crater floor. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 20, 008.
  40. Deutsch, A. N., Head, J. W., Ramsley, K. R., Pieters, C. M., Potter, R. W. K., Palumbo, A. M., Bramble, M. S., Cassanelli, J. P., Jawin, E. R., Jozwiak, L. M., Kaplan, H. H., Lynch, C. F., Pascuzzo, A. C., Qiao, L., and Weiss, D. K., 2018. Science exploration architecture for Phobos and Deimos: The role of Phobos and Deimos in the future exploration of Mars. Advances in Space Research. 62, 2174-2186.
  41. Zhao, J., Xiao, L., Qiao, L., Glotch, T., Huang, Q., 2017. The Mons Rümker volcanic complex of the Moon: A candidate landing site for the Chang'E-5 mission. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 122, 1419-1442.
  42. Yuan Y., Zhu P., Zhao N., Xiao L., Garnero E., Xiao Z., Zhao J., and Qiao L., 2017. The 3-D geological model around Chang'E-3 landing site based on lunar penetrating radar Channel 1 data. Geophysical Research Letters. 44, 6553-6561.
  43. 张琪, 刘福江, 李婵, 乔乐, 郭振辉, 柴春鹏, 2016. 全约束线性分解的月表虹湾地区矿物含量反演. 国土资源遥感. 28, 7-14.
  44. 肖龙, 乔乐, 肖智勇, 黄倩, 何琦, 赵健楠, 薛竹青, 黄俊, 2016. 月球着陆探测值得关注的主要科学问题及着陆区选址建议. 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学, 46, 029602.
  45. Xing, T., Liu, F., Liu, L., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Qiao, L., Yang, R., Zheng, X., Zhu, M., Zhang, Q., 2015. Prognosis of Ti abundance in Sinus Iridum using a nonlinear analysis of Chang'E-1 Interference Imaging Spectrometer imagery. Earth and Space Science. 2, 187–193.
  46. Xiao, L., Zhu, P., Fang, G., Xiao, Z., Zou, Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, N., Yuan, Y., Qiao, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Huang, J., Huang, Q., He, Q., Zhou, B., Ji, Y., Zhang, Q., Shen, S., Li, Y., and Gao, Y., 2015. A young multilayered terrane of the northern Mare Imbrium revealed by Chang’E-3 mission. Science. 347, 1226-1229.
  47. Zhao, J., Huang, J., Qiao, L., Xiao, Z., Huang, Q., Wang, J., He, Q., Xiao, L., 2014. Geologic characteristics of the Chang’E-3 exploration region. SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. 57, 569-576.
  48. 黄倩, 肖龙, 平劲松, 肖智勇, 乔乐, 赵健楠, 2013. 月球Marius Hills盾形火山密度和岩石圈弹性厚度. 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学. 43, 1395-1402.
  49. 李婵, 刘福江, 郑小坡, 章颖, 乔乐, 李登朝, 2013. 月表虹湾地区辉石及橄榄石含量反演. 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学. 43, 1387-1394.
  50. 赵健楠, 黄俊, 肖龙, 乔乐, 王江, 胡斯宇, 2013. 撞击坑统计定年法及对月球虹湾地区的定年结果. 地球科学—中国地质大学学报. 38, 351-361.
  51. 郑小坡, 刘福江, 章颖, 朱蒙, 乔乐, 2012. 基于“嫦娥一号”干涉成像光谱数据的月表虹湾地区FeO及TiO2含量评估. 测绘通报. 7, 10-13.
  52. Huang, J., Xiao, L., He, X., Qiao, L., Zhao, J., Li, H., 2011. Geological characteristics and model ages of Marius Hills on the Moon. Journal of Earth Science. 22, 601-609.
  53. Liu, F., Yang, R., Zhang, Y., Qiao, L., Wang, S., Yang, Y., Wang, X., 2011. Distribution of olivine and pyroxene derived from Clementine data in Crater Copernicus. Journal of Earth Science. 22, 586-594.
  54. 杨荣, 刘福江, 师晋平, 乔乐, 2010. 月表哥白尼坑地区橄榄石和辉石分布特征. 深空探测研究. 8, 16-23.
  55. 刘福江, 乔乐, 刘征, 杨荣, 师晋平, 章颖, 吴伟龙, 2010. 基于嫦娥一号干涉成像光谱仪吸收特征的月表钛含量评估. 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学. 40, 1316-1325.
  56. Liu, F., Qiao, L., Liu, Z., Yang, R., Shi, J., Zhang, Y., and Wu, W., 2010. Estimation of lunar titanium content: Based on absorption features of Chang’E-1 Interference Imaging Spectrometer (IIM). SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. 53, 2136-2144.